Usool e Hadis In Roman
Assalamu alaikum
Is post me usool hadis boht hi asaan tarike se samjhane ki koshish ki gyi hai aap issey fayda uthaye.
Hadees kisey kehtey hai ?
Arabic laugat(dictionary) me lafz e hadees ke maney guftugu ya kalam krna hai magar Istelah ki zaban me Rasul ullah saws ki Qual fael aur takrir ko kehte hai
HADEETH KE AQSAM Hadeeth
char qism ke hote hai
(1) Hadeeth quali
(2) Hadeeth faeli
(3) Hadeeth Takriri
(4) Hadeeth shumaili
Hadeeth Quali – jis Hadees se rasul ullah saws ke faramin ka ilm ho us hadeeth ko Quali hadeeth kehte hai.
Hadeeth faeli - jis Hadeeth se hume rasul ullah saws ka fael (kisi Amal ko krne)ka ilm hasil ho usey hadeeth Faeli kehte hai.
Hadeeth takiri – ye us hadeeth ko kehte hai jo kisi sahaba ne koi aisa kaam Rasul ullah saws ke samney kiya ho aur Rasul ullah saws khamosh rahe ho yani us sahaba ko us kaam se nhi roka ho aise hadeetho ko Hadeet Takriri kehte hai.
Hadeeth - shumaili Jis Hadeeth se rasul ullah saws ki aadat ya ap saws ke awsaaf ka ilm hasil ho usey hadeeth shumaili kehte hai.
HADEETH KE AQSAAM NISBAT KE AYTEBAR SE
Nisbat ke aytebar se bhi hadeeth ki aqsam char tara ki hoti hai
1) Hadeeth qudsi
2) Hadeeth marfo
2) Hadeeth mauquf
4) Hadeeth Maqtu
Hadeeth Qudsi- jis hadeeth me Rasul ullah saws ne Allah ke Farman ka zikr kiya ho magar wo baat ka zikr Quran me na ho.
Hadeeth Marfu- wo hadeeth jis me kisi Qual ya fael ya takrir ko rasul ullah saws ke taraf mansub kiya ho use hadeeth marfu kehte hai.
Hadeeth mauquf- wo hadeeth jisme kisi Qual ya fael ya takrir ko sahaba ke taraf mansub kiya ho use hadeeth mauquf kehte hai, is trha ki hadeeth ko hadeeth Asar bhi kehtey hai.
Hadeeth maqtu’ – wo hadeeth jis me kisi Qual ya fael ya Takrir ko kisi Tabie ke taraf mansub kiya ho usey Hadeeth maqtu’ kehte hai.
HADEETH KE AQSAAM RAWEEO KE TADAD KE AYTEBAR SE
Raweo ki tadad ke aytebar se Hadeeth do Qism ke hote hai
a) Khabr mutawatir
b) Khabr wahid
KHABR E MUTAWATIR
us hadeeth ko kehtey hai jisme tawatur ki char shart payi jae
1) Rawee ki badi tadad se rewayt ho yani har hadeeth me rawee e ula alaa alag ho
2) Insani aql o adat rawee ke jhuta hone par muhal ho
3) Zamana e resalat se le kr kitab e Muhaddis ke zamane tak sanad har tabqe me payi jae [ raweeo ki tadad zyada se zyada asatiza (teachers) se sima kiya ho use tabqa kehte hai
4) Hadeeth ka talluq insani mashaida ya samaat se ho
KHABR E WAHID
Wo Hadeeth jisme Mutawatir ki shart na paayi jae aur iski char qismey hoti hai
a) Mashoor
b) Mustafiz
c) Aziz
d) Gareeb
Mashoor- us hadeeth ko kehte hai jisme raweo ki tadad do se zyada ho magar yaksa nhi ho maslan kisi tabqe me teen kisi me char kisi me panch rawee beyan karte hai.
Mustafiz- wo hadeeth jisme rawee har tabqe me do se zyad aur yaksa tadat me ho ya sanad ke awwal wa akhir me inki tadad yaksa ho.
Aziz -wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jisme rawee kisi tabqe me shirf do ho.
Ghareeb –us hadeeth ko kehte hai jisme rawee ki tadad sirf ek ho agar rewayt kisi sahabi ya tabee ki hai to wo Ghareeb e Mutlab kehlayegi aur agar koi aur ho to ghareeb e nisbi keh layegi.
KHABR E MAQBUL WA MARDUD
Wo hadeeth jo wajib e amal ho usey khabr e maqbul kehte hai aur wo hadeeth jo maqbul na ho usey khabr e mardud kehte hai
MAQBUL HADEETH KE AQSAAM
Maqbul hadeeth char qism ki hoti hai
a) Sahih le zatithi
b) Sahih le ghayrihi
c) Hasan le zatihi
d) Hasan le ghayrihi
Sahih le zatihi – wo hadeeth jisme panch shart payi jae
1) Rawee adil ho yani kabira gunah se bachta ho saghira gunah par israr krta ho narm tabiyat ka malik ho aur ikhlaq accha ho
2) Rawee kamil e zabt ho yani hadeeth ko tehriri shaql me mehfuz krle ya apne hafiza me hadeeth ko us trha mehfuz krle jis trha usne hadeeth ko suna ho
3) Wo hadeeth shaaz na ho
4) Wo hadeeth maulul na ho
Sahih le ghayrihi – jb hasan hadeeth ki sanad ek se zyada ho to hasan Hadeeth taraqqi kr kr sahih ke darje tak pahunch jati hai is ey sahih le ghayrirhi kehte hai kyun ki dusre sanad ki wajah se wo hasan hadeeth darja sehat tak pahunchi hai
Hasan le zatihi –Jis hadeeth me baaz rawee sahih hadeeth ke rawee ki nisbat se “KHAFIF UL ZABT” yani halke zabt wale ho aur baki shart wahi ho
Hasan le ghayrihi– wo hadeeth jo muta’adid sanad se ho har sanad me mamuli zufiyat ho magar muta’did sanad ke wajah se uski mamuli zufiyat jati rheti hai usey hasan le gherihi kehte hai
MARDOOD HADEETH KE AQSAAM
[Inqata sanad ke aytebar se]
Inqata sanad ke aytebar se Mardood hadeeth ki saat (7) qismey hoti hai
1) Muallaq
2) Mursal
3) Mo’zal
4) Munqate’
5) Mudallis
6) Mursal khafee
7) Mo’lul ya Mu’allal
Muallaq – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiski sanad ki ibtedai hissa ya sari sanad hazaf kr di gyi ho
Mursal – wo hadeeth jisko tabee bila wastey rasul ullah saws se beyan kare
Mo’zal – wo hadeeth ko kehtey hai jiski sanad se do ya do se zyada rawee ghayab ho
Munqate- wo hadeeth ko kehtey hai jis ki snad ke darmiyan se ek rawee ya ek se zyada rawee Mukhtalif maqamaat se ghayab ho
Mudallis – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiski sanad ka rawee kisi wajah se apne ustad ya apne ustad ka ustad ka naam chupae lakin sunne wale ko hadeeth is andaz me sunae ki lage hadeeth ki sanad muttasil hai halaki is sanad me raweeo ki mulaqat aur sama to sabit hogi magar mutallaqa rewayt ka sama sabit nhi hota
MUDALLIS KE QISMEY
1) Tadlis ul Isnad
2) Tadlis as shuyukh
Tadlis ul Isnad - Is se murad hai ki rawee kisi aisey shaqs se hadeeth rewayat kare jisse iski Mulaqat to sabit ho lakin is se wo hadees na suni ho aur hadeeth rewayt ke waqt is andaz se rewayt kre ki sunne wale ko lage usne usi shaqs se hadeeth suni ho jisse usne mulaqat kiya ho.
Ek aur tareef Tadlis ul Isnad ki – Rawee kisi aisey shaqs se jisse usne ne hadeeth suni ho aisi hadeeth rewayt kre jo ussey nhi suni ho aur ye sarahat na kre usne ye hadeeth kissey suni hai
Tadlis us suyukh - rawee koi aisi rewayt beyan kre jisko usne apne sheikh se to suni ho lakin apne sheikh ka zikr aisi qunniyat ya Nasb ya laqab se kare jissey uska sheikh logo me mashoor na ho aisa krne ka matlb ye hai ki log uske sheikh ko pehchan na paye
Mursal – us hadeeth ko kehtey hai jiski sanad kisi tabain tak ruk jae
Mursal khafee – jiska rawee kisi aisey hum asar se hadeeth rewayt kre jissey uska mulaqat sabit na ho
Mo’lul ya mo’allal – wo hadeeth ko kehtey hai jab zahir to sahih malum ho magar uske ander koi aisi ayb chupi ho jo ba zahir nazar na aaye aise chupe huwe ayb ko dhundh nikalna Mahir e fan ka kaam hai har insaan ki bus ki baat nhi.
MARDDO HADEETH KE AQSAM RAWEE KE ADIL NA HONE KI WAJAH SE
Rawee ke A’dil na hone ki wajah se mardood hadeeth ke char Aqsaam hote hai
1) Matruk
2) Mauzu
3) Rewayat ul fasiq
4) Rewayat ul Mubtadie’
Matruk – us hadeeth ko kehte hai jiska rawee aam bol chal me jhut bolta ho aur muhaddiso ne uski hadeeso ke lene se inkar kiya ho
Mauzu – us hadeeth ko kehtey hai jiske rawee ne kisi mawqe par hadeeth ke mamle me jhut bola ho aisey rawee ki har rewayt ko mauzu kehte hai
Rewayt ul fasiq - us hadeeth ko kehte hai jiska rawee kabira gunah krne wala ho magar kufr tak nhi pahuncha ho
Rewayat ul mubtadie’ - wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiska rawee “ BIDDAT E MUKAFFARA” ka qael aur fael ho magar koi rawee ki biddat Mukaffara tak na ho to aise rawee ki rewayt Adil wa zabt ho to iski rewayt Muattabar hogi yaad rahe ki “BIDDAT E MUKHAFFARA” ka matlb aisa biddat hai jiske wajah se admi kufr tak pahunch jata hai.
MARDOOD HADEES KE AQSAAM RAWEE KE ZAABIT NA HONE KI WAJAH SE
Rawee ke zabit na hone ki wajh se Mardood hadeeth ke 10 aqsaam hotey hai
1) Musahhaf
2) Maqlub
3) Mudraj
4) Mazeed fi muttasil asanid
5) Shaaz
6) Munkar
7) Rewayto say yil hifz
8) Rewayato kaseer ul ghaflat
9) Rewayato fahishil ghalat
10) Rewayato Mukhtalit
Muztarib Musahhaf – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiska zahiri lafz to durust ho magar koi nuqta ya harqat ya sukoon chut jane ki wajah se maney badal jae.
Maqlub – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiske rawee ki bhul se taqdeem wa takhir waqey ho jae ya sanad me ek rawee ki jagah dusre rawee rakha gya ho.
Mudraj – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jisme kisi rawee ka qalam is trha mil jae ki pehchanna mushkil ho ki ye rasul ullah saws ki Hadees hai ya rawee ki apni baat.
Al mazeed fi Muttasil asanid - jb do rawee ek hi sanad beyan kre jisme ek siqa aur dusra zyada siqa ho agar siqa rawee is sanad me ek rawee ka izafa beyan kre to is rewayat ko mazeed fi muttasil rewayat kahenge.
Shaaz – wo hadeeth jiska rawee siqa ho magar apne se zyada siqa rawee se bil mukhalif rewayt beyan kre yaad rahe ki shaaz ke bil mukhalif rewayato ko Mehfuz kehte hai.
Munkar – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiska rawee zaeef ho aur beyan krne me apne se zyada siqa rawee se mukhalif beyan kare, yaad rakhna chahiye ki Munkar ke bil mukhalif rewaytao ko maroof kehte hai.
Rewayat say yil hifz – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiska rawee paidaishi taur par kamzoor hafiza wala ho.
Rewayat kaseer ul ghaflat – wo hadeeth jiska rawee bht zyada rewayt krte waqt ghaflat se kaam leta ho.
Rewayat fahisil galat – wo hadeeth jiska rawee rewayat krte waqt behuda qism ki galtia kre
Rewayat mukhtalit – wo hadeeth jiska rawee budhape ya kisi hadsey ki wajah se yaad dasht kho baithe ya iski likhi huwi hadees barbad ho jae.
Mustarib – wo hadeeth jiski sanad ya matan me aisa ikhtelaf ho jae jo hall na ho sakey
MARDOOD HADEETH RAWEE KE MAJHUL HONE KI WAJAH SE
Mardood hadeeth rawee ke majhul hone ki wajah se teen qism ke hote hai
1) Mubham
2) Rewayt majhul ul ayn
3) Rewayat majhul lil haal
Mubham - us hadeeth ko kehte hai jiski sanad me kisi rawee ka naam sarahat na ho.
Rewayat majhul ul ayn – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiske rawee ke bare me muhaddiso ko koi aisa tabsira nhi milta ho ki rawee zaeef hai ya siqa aur us se rewayat krne wale bhi bus ek hi shagird ho jiski wajah se is shaqs ki shaqsiyat majhul tehrati ho.
Majhul lil haal – wo hadeeth jiske rawee ke bare me muhaddiso ko koi aisi jankari na mile ki isse rewayt krne wale do admi ho jiski wajah se uski shaqsiyat malum aur haal majhul ho aisey rawee ko mastur bhi kehte hai.
ISANAD
Isnaad sanad ke jama (plural) ko kehte hai aur hadeeth ke raweeo ke silsiley ko Sanad kehte hai jaise Imam Bukhari rah Farmatey hai “ Humlogo ne hadeeth suni Imam Humaidi se unho ne rewayt kiya sufiyan se unho ne hadeeth suni yahyah ibn sa’ed Al Ansari se unho ne rewayat kiya Muhammed ibn Ibraheem At tamimi se unho ne Alqama ibn Waqas al laysi se unho umar Ibn Khtabbat [radhi Allah ta’ala] se unho ne Rasul Ullah saws se
“ [ya sanad sahih Al Buhari jild 1 kitab ul wahi baab 1 hadeeth 1 ki hai]
IS SANAD KE RAWEEO KA MUKHTASAR TARRUF
Imam Bukhari inka naam Muhammed ibn Isma’il Ibn Ibraheem hai Imam Bukhari ke sheikh Abdullah ibn Zubayr Al Humaidi hai ye Imam shafee’ ke zamane ke Muhaddis hai Imam Humaidi ke sheikh Sufiyan ibn uwaynah hai ye Imam Malik ke zamane ke Muhaddis hai aur Imam Sufiyan ne 70 tabein se Hadees suni hai Imam sufiyan ke sheikh ka naam Yahya ibn sae’ed Al Ansari hai jo Tabein hai aur Imam yahya ibn sae’d Al Ansari ke sheikh Imam Muhammed ibn Ibraheem At Tamimi hai aur ye bhi Tabein me se hai aur Imam yahya ibn sae’d ke sheikh Alqama ibn waqas hai jinka shumar sayyed ut tabin me hota hai aur Alqama Ibn waqas ne sayyedna umar [radhi Allah] se rewayt kiya.
Musnad – wo hadeeth jiski sanad beyan ki gyi ho usey musnad kehtey hai
Matan – Hadeeth ki ibarat aur nass ko matan kehte hai
MATAN KI MISAL
Rsaul ullah saws ne farmaya “ In na mal A’amalo bin Niyat” yani A’amalo ka daromadar neyat par hai.
Is ebarat ko matan kaha jata hai 👆
[note is hadeeth ki sanad pehle beyan ho chuki hai ye hadeeth sahih Al bukhari hadeeth no.1 hai]
Illat – Hadeeth ki matan ya sanad me koi chupi huwi ayb ya burai ko illat kehte hai.
Ad’alat – Adalat se murad Rawee Aqil baligh Musalman ho fisq se paak ho Behayai ki ayb se paak ho seart aur kirdar me qabil e bharosa ho siqa ho jis rawee ke ander ye tamam shart payi jae usey Istelah ki zaban me A’dil kahenge.
JARH WAT TA’DEEL
Ye wo ilm hai jisme kisi rawee ke siqa ya zaeef hone par behas ho.
Ta’deel – Iske mane hai kisi chiz ko theek krdena ya barabar kr dena Ta’deel ur rawee ke maney hai rawee kisi rawee ko hujjat karar dena aur ilm e hadeeth ki istelah me Ta’deel ke maney raweeo ki aisi sifaat beyan krna jo us rawee ko qabil e Qubool bana de
Jarh – iske maney hai kisi shaqs ko zakhmi krna Ayb beyan krna aur ilm e hadeeth ki istelah me Jarh usey kehte hai jo kisi rawee ki ayb beyan kiya jae jisse wo rawee na qabil e hujjat ho jae.
JARH KE AQSAAM
Jarh do tarha ke hotey hai
1) Jarh Mubham
2) Jarh mufassar
Jarh Mubham – jarh mubham usey kehte hai jisme kisi Rawee ko na qabil e Hujjat beyan kiya jae magar ye beyan na kiya jae ki kis wajah se wo rawee na qbil e hujjat huwa.
Jarh Mufassar – Jarh mufassar usey kehte hai jisme kisi rawee ki illat ke sath usko na qabil e hujjat beyan kiya jae Muhadeseen ke nazdiq Jarh mubhan qabil qubool nhi yani kisi rawee ko zaeef kehdena aur uski wajah beyan na krna Jarh wohi qubool hogi jo Mufassar hogi.
RAWEE KO KAB SIQA MANA JAEGA ?
Hafiz ibn salah [rahimullah] apni kitab ‘ULOOM UL HADEES AL MAROOF MUQADAMAH IBN SALAH” page 71 aur 72 me farmatey hai Jamhoor Aimah hadeeth aur fuqaha ka is baat par ittefaq hai ki kisi shaqs ke apni rewayt me Hujjat hone ke ye shart hai ke wo
1) Rawee A’dil ho
2) Rawee Hafiza mazbut ho
3) Rawee musalman ho
4) Baligh ho
5) Aaqil ho
6) Fisq ya fajur se paak ho
7) Seerat wa kirdar wala ho
8) Hazir dimag ho
9) Ghaflat aur bhul chuk ka shikar na ho
10) Agar apne hafiza se hadeeth rewayt kr raha hai to us hadeeth ka hafiz ho.
11) Agar apni kitab se rewayt kr raha hai to iska zabit ho yani isko is baat ka yaqeen e kamil ho ke jis trha isne apne sheikh se suni isi trha isko tehrir me mehfuz kr liya hai aur fir isme koi kami ya beshi na kiya ho
12) Rawee ki Ad’alat ya ulma to ulma e jarh wat ta’deel ki tashreeh se sabit hoti hai ya shohrat se lehaza jo log Ahle naql wa Ahle ilm ke darmiyan “U’DOOL” maroof hai hai aur inki saqahat aur amanat dari ki tarif logo ke zaban par ho to fir wo apni A’dalat ke suboot ke liye kisi dalil ka muhtaj nhi
EK HI RAWEE PAR JARH AUR TA’DEEL JAMA HO JAE TO KYA KRE?
Agar ek hi shaqs me Jarh wa ta’deel jama ho jae to jarh ko tarjeeh di jaegi kyun ki Ta’deel krne wala rawee zahiri halat ko dekh kr hukm lagata hai jb ke Jarh krne wala rawee ki aisi chupi huwi sifat ki khabar deta hai jo ta’deel krne wala se chupi hoti hai.
TA’DEEL KE DARJEY
Abu Muhammad Abdur Rahman ibn Hatim Razi rahimullah ne Jarh wat Ta’deel ke bohat ache andaz me tabqey beyan kiye hai
1) Agar koi rawee ke bare me kaha jaega wo siqa hai aur fun e rewayt me hai ho to uski rewayt kiya huwa hadeeth Hujjat hogi
2) Agar koi rawee ke bare me kaha jaega ki ye rawee”SUDOOQ” ho yani bohat saccha ho to iski rewayt likhi jaegi aur inki sehat par gaur kiya jaega
3) Agar kisi rawee ko “sheikh” likha jaega to uski rewayt likhi jaegi lakin sehat par gaur kiya jaega aur is trha ki rawee dusre darje se kamtar hote hai yani “sudooq” nhi hote
4) Agar kisi rawee ko”salih hul hadeeth “ kaha jae to iski rewayt ko sirf aytebar ke liye liya jaega
JARH KE DARJEY
1) Agar kisi rawee ko “LAY YI NUL HADEETH” [ hadeeth par narn hona] kaha jae to iski hadeeth likhi jaegi magar aytebar par gaur kiya jaega
2) Jb aaimah e hadeeth kisi rawee ke bare me “LAY SA BI QAWEE” [rewayt hadeeth me mazbut nhi] keh de to iski rewayt likhi jaegi magar ye “LAY YIN NUL HADEETH’ ke darje se niche hoga
3) Agar kisi rawee ke bare me “ZAEEF UL HADEETH’ kaha jaega to iski rewayat likhi jaegi magar ye dusre darje se niche hoga
4) Agar kisi rawee ke bare me “MATRUK UL HADEETH” kaha jae to uski hadeeth ko nhi liya jaega chord diya jaega.
Wama taufiq illah billah
written by
Muqtadir Furqan Husayn Ansary
Is post me usool hadis boht hi asaan tarike se samjhane ki koshish ki gyi hai aap issey fayda uthaye.
Hadees kisey kehtey hai ?
Arabic laugat(dictionary) me lafz e hadees ke maney guftugu ya kalam krna hai magar Istelah ki zaban me Rasul ullah saws ki Qual fael aur takrir ko kehte hai
HADEETH KE AQSAM Hadeeth
char qism ke hote hai
(1) Hadeeth quali
(2) Hadeeth faeli
(3) Hadeeth Takriri
(4) Hadeeth shumaili
Hadeeth Quali – jis Hadees se rasul ullah saws ke faramin ka ilm ho us hadeeth ko Quali hadeeth kehte hai.
Hadeeth faeli - jis Hadeeth se hume rasul ullah saws ka fael (kisi Amal ko krne)ka ilm hasil ho usey hadeeth Faeli kehte hai.
Hadeeth takiri – ye us hadeeth ko kehte hai jo kisi sahaba ne koi aisa kaam Rasul ullah saws ke samney kiya ho aur Rasul ullah saws khamosh rahe ho yani us sahaba ko us kaam se nhi roka ho aise hadeetho ko Hadeet Takriri kehte hai.
Hadeeth - shumaili Jis Hadeeth se rasul ullah saws ki aadat ya ap saws ke awsaaf ka ilm hasil ho usey hadeeth shumaili kehte hai.
HADEETH KE AQSAAM NISBAT KE AYTEBAR SE
Nisbat ke aytebar se bhi hadeeth ki aqsam char tara ki hoti hai
1) Hadeeth qudsi
2) Hadeeth marfo
2) Hadeeth mauquf
4) Hadeeth Maqtu
Hadeeth Qudsi- jis hadeeth me Rasul ullah saws ne Allah ke Farman ka zikr kiya ho magar wo baat ka zikr Quran me na ho.
Hadeeth Marfu- wo hadeeth jis me kisi Qual ya fael ya takrir ko rasul ullah saws ke taraf mansub kiya ho use hadeeth marfu kehte hai.
Hadeeth mauquf- wo hadeeth jisme kisi Qual ya fael ya takrir ko sahaba ke taraf mansub kiya ho use hadeeth mauquf kehte hai, is trha ki hadeeth ko hadeeth Asar bhi kehtey hai.
Hadeeth maqtu’ – wo hadeeth jis me kisi Qual ya fael ya Takrir ko kisi Tabie ke taraf mansub kiya ho usey Hadeeth maqtu’ kehte hai.
HADEETH KE AQSAAM RAWEEO KE TADAD KE AYTEBAR SE
Raweo ki tadad ke aytebar se Hadeeth do Qism ke hote hai
a) Khabr mutawatir
b) Khabr wahid
KHABR E MUTAWATIR
us hadeeth ko kehtey hai jisme tawatur ki char shart payi jae
1) Rawee ki badi tadad se rewayt ho yani har hadeeth me rawee e ula alaa alag ho
2) Insani aql o adat rawee ke jhuta hone par muhal ho
3) Zamana e resalat se le kr kitab e Muhaddis ke zamane tak sanad har tabqe me payi jae [ raweeo ki tadad zyada se zyada asatiza (teachers) se sima kiya ho use tabqa kehte hai
4) Hadeeth ka talluq insani mashaida ya samaat se ho
KHABR E WAHID
Wo Hadeeth jisme Mutawatir ki shart na paayi jae aur iski char qismey hoti hai
a) Mashoor
b) Mustafiz
c) Aziz
d) Gareeb
Mashoor- us hadeeth ko kehte hai jisme raweo ki tadad do se zyada ho magar yaksa nhi ho maslan kisi tabqe me teen kisi me char kisi me panch rawee beyan karte hai.
Mustafiz- wo hadeeth jisme rawee har tabqe me do se zyad aur yaksa tadat me ho ya sanad ke awwal wa akhir me inki tadad yaksa ho.
Aziz -wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jisme rawee kisi tabqe me shirf do ho.
Ghareeb –us hadeeth ko kehte hai jisme rawee ki tadad sirf ek ho agar rewayt kisi sahabi ya tabee ki hai to wo Ghareeb e Mutlab kehlayegi aur agar koi aur ho to ghareeb e nisbi keh layegi.
KHABR E MAQBUL WA MARDUD
Wo hadeeth jo wajib e amal ho usey khabr e maqbul kehte hai aur wo hadeeth jo maqbul na ho usey khabr e mardud kehte hai
MAQBUL HADEETH KE AQSAAM
Maqbul hadeeth char qism ki hoti hai
a) Sahih le zatithi
b) Sahih le ghayrihi
c) Hasan le zatihi
d) Hasan le ghayrihi
Sahih le zatihi – wo hadeeth jisme panch shart payi jae
1) Rawee adil ho yani kabira gunah se bachta ho saghira gunah par israr krta ho narm tabiyat ka malik ho aur ikhlaq accha ho
2) Rawee kamil e zabt ho yani hadeeth ko tehriri shaql me mehfuz krle ya apne hafiza me hadeeth ko us trha mehfuz krle jis trha usne hadeeth ko suna ho
3) Wo hadeeth shaaz na ho
4) Wo hadeeth maulul na ho
Sahih le ghayrihi – jb hasan hadeeth ki sanad ek se zyada ho to hasan Hadeeth taraqqi kr kr sahih ke darje tak pahunch jati hai is ey sahih le ghayrirhi kehte hai kyun ki dusre sanad ki wajah se wo hasan hadeeth darja sehat tak pahunchi hai
Hasan le zatihi –Jis hadeeth me baaz rawee sahih hadeeth ke rawee ki nisbat se “KHAFIF UL ZABT” yani halke zabt wale ho aur baki shart wahi ho
Hasan le ghayrihi– wo hadeeth jo muta’adid sanad se ho har sanad me mamuli zufiyat ho magar muta’did sanad ke wajah se uski mamuli zufiyat jati rheti hai usey hasan le gherihi kehte hai
MARDOOD HADEETH KE AQSAAM
[Inqata sanad ke aytebar se]
Inqata sanad ke aytebar se Mardood hadeeth ki saat (7) qismey hoti hai
1) Muallaq
2) Mursal
3) Mo’zal
4) Munqate’
5) Mudallis
6) Mursal khafee
7) Mo’lul ya Mu’allal
Muallaq – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiski sanad ki ibtedai hissa ya sari sanad hazaf kr di gyi ho
Mursal – wo hadeeth jisko tabee bila wastey rasul ullah saws se beyan kare
Mo’zal – wo hadeeth ko kehtey hai jiski sanad se do ya do se zyada rawee ghayab ho
Munqate- wo hadeeth ko kehtey hai jis ki snad ke darmiyan se ek rawee ya ek se zyada rawee Mukhtalif maqamaat se ghayab ho
Mudallis – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiski sanad ka rawee kisi wajah se apne ustad ya apne ustad ka ustad ka naam chupae lakin sunne wale ko hadeeth is andaz me sunae ki lage hadeeth ki sanad muttasil hai halaki is sanad me raweeo ki mulaqat aur sama to sabit hogi magar mutallaqa rewayt ka sama sabit nhi hota
MUDALLIS KE QISMEY
1) Tadlis ul Isnad
2) Tadlis as shuyukh
Tadlis ul Isnad - Is se murad hai ki rawee kisi aisey shaqs se hadeeth rewayat kare jisse iski Mulaqat to sabit ho lakin is se wo hadees na suni ho aur hadeeth rewayt ke waqt is andaz se rewayt kre ki sunne wale ko lage usne usi shaqs se hadeeth suni ho jisse usne mulaqat kiya ho.
Ek aur tareef Tadlis ul Isnad ki – Rawee kisi aisey shaqs se jisse usne ne hadeeth suni ho aisi hadeeth rewayt kre jo ussey nhi suni ho aur ye sarahat na kre usne ye hadeeth kissey suni hai
Tadlis us suyukh - rawee koi aisi rewayt beyan kre jisko usne apne sheikh se to suni ho lakin apne sheikh ka zikr aisi qunniyat ya Nasb ya laqab se kare jissey uska sheikh logo me mashoor na ho aisa krne ka matlb ye hai ki log uske sheikh ko pehchan na paye
Mursal – us hadeeth ko kehtey hai jiski sanad kisi tabain tak ruk jae
Mursal khafee – jiska rawee kisi aisey hum asar se hadeeth rewayt kre jissey uska mulaqat sabit na ho
Mo’lul ya mo’allal – wo hadeeth ko kehtey hai jab zahir to sahih malum ho magar uske ander koi aisi ayb chupi ho jo ba zahir nazar na aaye aise chupe huwe ayb ko dhundh nikalna Mahir e fan ka kaam hai har insaan ki bus ki baat nhi.
MARDDO HADEETH KE AQSAM RAWEE KE ADIL NA HONE KI WAJAH SE
Rawee ke A’dil na hone ki wajah se mardood hadeeth ke char Aqsaam hote hai
1) Matruk
2) Mauzu
3) Rewayat ul fasiq
4) Rewayat ul Mubtadie’
Matruk – us hadeeth ko kehte hai jiska rawee aam bol chal me jhut bolta ho aur muhaddiso ne uski hadeeso ke lene se inkar kiya ho
Mauzu – us hadeeth ko kehtey hai jiske rawee ne kisi mawqe par hadeeth ke mamle me jhut bola ho aisey rawee ki har rewayt ko mauzu kehte hai
Rewayt ul fasiq - us hadeeth ko kehte hai jiska rawee kabira gunah krne wala ho magar kufr tak nhi pahuncha ho
Rewayat ul mubtadie’ - wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiska rawee “ BIDDAT E MUKAFFARA” ka qael aur fael ho magar koi rawee ki biddat Mukaffara tak na ho to aise rawee ki rewayt Adil wa zabt ho to iski rewayt Muattabar hogi yaad rahe ki “BIDDAT E MUKHAFFARA” ka matlb aisa biddat hai jiske wajah se admi kufr tak pahunch jata hai.
MARDOOD HADEES KE AQSAAM RAWEE KE ZAABIT NA HONE KI WAJAH SE
Rawee ke zabit na hone ki wajh se Mardood hadeeth ke 10 aqsaam hotey hai
1) Musahhaf
2) Maqlub
3) Mudraj
4) Mazeed fi muttasil asanid
5) Shaaz
6) Munkar
7) Rewayto say yil hifz
8) Rewayato kaseer ul ghaflat
9) Rewayato fahishil ghalat
10) Rewayato Mukhtalit
Muztarib Musahhaf – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiska zahiri lafz to durust ho magar koi nuqta ya harqat ya sukoon chut jane ki wajah se maney badal jae.
Maqlub – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiske rawee ki bhul se taqdeem wa takhir waqey ho jae ya sanad me ek rawee ki jagah dusre rawee rakha gya ho.
Mudraj – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jisme kisi rawee ka qalam is trha mil jae ki pehchanna mushkil ho ki ye rasul ullah saws ki Hadees hai ya rawee ki apni baat.
Al mazeed fi Muttasil asanid - jb do rawee ek hi sanad beyan kre jisme ek siqa aur dusra zyada siqa ho agar siqa rawee is sanad me ek rawee ka izafa beyan kre to is rewayat ko mazeed fi muttasil rewayat kahenge.
Shaaz – wo hadeeth jiska rawee siqa ho magar apne se zyada siqa rawee se bil mukhalif rewayt beyan kre yaad rahe ki shaaz ke bil mukhalif rewayato ko Mehfuz kehte hai.
Munkar – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiska rawee zaeef ho aur beyan krne me apne se zyada siqa rawee se mukhalif beyan kare, yaad rakhna chahiye ki Munkar ke bil mukhalif rewaytao ko maroof kehte hai.
Rewayat say yil hifz – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiska rawee paidaishi taur par kamzoor hafiza wala ho.
Rewayat kaseer ul ghaflat – wo hadeeth jiska rawee bht zyada rewayt krte waqt ghaflat se kaam leta ho.
Rewayat fahisil galat – wo hadeeth jiska rawee rewayat krte waqt behuda qism ki galtia kre
Rewayat mukhtalit – wo hadeeth jiska rawee budhape ya kisi hadsey ki wajah se yaad dasht kho baithe ya iski likhi huwi hadees barbad ho jae.
Mustarib – wo hadeeth jiski sanad ya matan me aisa ikhtelaf ho jae jo hall na ho sakey
MARDOOD HADEETH RAWEE KE MAJHUL HONE KI WAJAH SE
Mardood hadeeth rawee ke majhul hone ki wajah se teen qism ke hote hai
1) Mubham
2) Rewayt majhul ul ayn
3) Rewayat majhul lil haal
Mubham - us hadeeth ko kehte hai jiski sanad me kisi rawee ka naam sarahat na ho.
Rewayat majhul ul ayn – wo hadeeth ko kehte hai jiske rawee ke bare me muhaddiso ko koi aisa tabsira nhi milta ho ki rawee zaeef hai ya siqa aur us se rewayat krne wale bhi bus ek hi shagird ho jiski wajah se is shaqs ki shaqsiyat majhul tehrati ho.
Majhul lil haal – wo hadeeth jiske rawee ke bare me muhaddiso ko koi aisi jankari na mile ki isse rewayt krne wale do admi ho jiski wajah se uski shaqsiyat malum aur haal majhul ho aisey rawee ko mastur bhi kehte hai.
ISANAD
Isnaad sanad ke jama (plural) ko kehte hai aur hadeeth ke raweeo ke silsiley ko Sanad kehte hai jaise Imam Bukhari rah Farmatey hai “ Humlogo ne hadeeth suni Imam Humaidi se unho ne rewayt kiya sufiyan se unho ne hadeeth suni yahyah ibn sa’ed Al Ansari se unho ne rewayat kiya Muhammed ibn Ibraheem At tamimi se unho ne Alqama ibn Waqas al laysi se unho umar Ibn Khtabbat [radhi Allah ta’ala] se unho ne Rasul Ullah saws se
“ [ya sanad sahih Al Buhari jild 1 kitab ul wahi baab 1 hadeeth 1 ki hai]
IS SANAD KE RAWEEO KA MUKHTASAR TARRUF
Imam Bukhari inka naam Muhammed ibn Isma’il Ibn Ibraheem hai Imam Bukhari ke sheikh Abdullah ibn Zubayr Al Humaidi hai ye Imam shafee’ ke zamane ke Muhaddis hai Imam Humaidi ke sheikh Sufiyan ibn uwaynah hai ye Imam Malik ke zamane ke Muhaddis hai aur Imam Sufiyan ne 70 tabein se Hadees suni hai Imam sufiyan ke sheikh ka naam Yahya ibn sae’ed Al Ansari hai jo Tabein hai aur Imam yahya ibn sae’d Al Ansari ke sheikh Imam Muhammed ibn Ibraheem At Tamimi hai aur ye bhi Tabein me se hai aur Imam yahya ibn sae’d ke sheikh Alqama ibn waqas hai jinka shumar sayyed ut tabin me hota hai aur Alqama Ibn waqas ne sayyedna umar [radhi Allah] se rewayt kiya.
Musnad – wo hadeeth jiski sanad beyan ki gyi ho usey musnad kehtey hai
Matan – Hadeeth ki ibarat aur nass ko matan kehte hai
MATAN KI MISAL
Rsaul ullah saws ne farmaya “ In na mal A’amalo bin Niyat” yani A’amalo ka daromadar neyat par hai.
Is ebarat ko matan kaha jata hai 👆
[note is hadeeth ki sanad pehle beyan ho chuki hai ye hadeeth sahih Al bukhari hadeeth no.1 hai]
Illat – Hadeeth ki matan ya sanad me koi chupi huwi ayb ya burai ko illat kehte hai.
Ad’alat – Adalat se murad Rawee Aqil baligh Musalman ho fisq se paak ho Behayai ki ayb se paak ho seart aur kirdar me qabil e bharosa ho siqa ho jis rawee ke ander ye tamam shart payi jae usey Istelah ki zaban me A’dil kahenge.
JARH WAT TA’DEEL
Ye wo ilm hai jisme kisi rawee ke siqa ya zaeef hone par behas ho.
Ta’deel – Iske mane hai kisi chiz ko theek krdena ya barabar kr dena Ta’deel ur rawee ke maney hai rawee kisi rawee ko hujjat karar dena aur ilm e hadeeth ki istelah me Ta’deel ke maney raweeo ki aisi sifaat beyan krna jo us rawee ko qabil e Qubool bana de
Jarh – iske maney hai kisi shaqs ko zakhmi krna Ayb beyan krna aur ilm e hadeeth ki istelah me Jarh usey kehte hai jo kisi rawee ki ayb beyan kiya jae jisse wo rawee na qabil e hujjat ho jae.
JARH KE AQSAAM
Jarh do tarha ke hotey hai
1) Jarh Mubham
2) Jarh mufassar
Jarh Mubham – jarh mubham usey kehte hai jisme kisi Rawee ko na qabil e Hujjat beyan kiya jae magar ye beyan na kiya jae ki kis wajah se wo rawee na qbil e hujjat huwa.
Jarh Mufassar – Jarh mufassar usey kehte hai jisme kisi rawee ki illat ke sath usko na qabil e hujjat beyan kiya jae Muhadeseen ke nazdiq Jarh mubhan qabil qubool nhi yani kisi rawee ko zaeef kehdena aur uski wajah beyan na krna Jarh wohi qubool hogi jo Mufassar hogi.
RAWEE KO KAB SIQA MANA JAEGA ?
Hafiz ibn salah [rahimullah] apni kitab ‘ULOOM UL HADEES AL MAROOF MUQADAMAH IBN SALAH” page 71 aur 72 me farmatey hai Jamhoor Aimah hadeeth aur fuqaha ka is baat par ittefaq hai ki kisi shaqs ke apni rewayt me Hujjat hone ke ye shart hai ke wo
1) Rawee A’dil ho
2) Rawee Hafiza mazbut ho
3) Rawee musalman ho
4) Baligh ho
5) Aaqil ho
6) Fisq ya fajur se paak ho
7) Seerat wa kirdar wala ho
8) Hazir dimag ho
9) Ghaflat aur bhul chuk ka shikar na ho
10) Agar apne hafiza se hadeeth rewayt kr raha hai to us hadeeth ka hafiz ho.
11) Agar apni kitab se rewayt kr raha hai to iska zabit ho yani isko is baat ka yaqeen e kamil ho ke jis trha isne apne sheikh se suni isi trha isko tehrir me mehfuz kr liya hai aur fir isme koi kami ya beshi na kiya ho
12) Rawee ki Ad’alat ya ulma to ulma e jarh wat ta’deel ki tashreeh se sabit hoti hai ya shohrat se lehaza jo log Ahle naql wa Ahle ilm ke darmiyan “U’DOOL” maroof hai hai aur inki saqahat aur amanat dari ki tarif logo ke zaban par ho to fir wo apni A’dalat ke suboot ke liye kisi dalil ka muhtaj nhi
EK HI RAWEE PAR JARH AUR TA’DEEL JAMA HO JAE TO KYA KRE?
Agar ek hi shaqs me Jarh wa ta’deel jama ho jae to jarh ko tarjeeh di jaegi kyun ki Ta’deel krne wala rawee zahiri halat ko dekh kr hukm lagata hai jb ke Jarh krne wala rawee ki aisi chupi huwi sifat ki khabar deta hai jo ta’deel krne wala se chupi hoti hai.
TA’DEEL KE DARJEY
Abu Muhammad Abdur Rahman ibn Hatim Razi rahimullah ne Jarh wat Ta’deel ke bohat ache andaz me tabqey beyan kiye hai
1) Agar koi rawee ke bare me kaha jaega wo siqa hai aur fun e rewayt me hai ho to uski rewayt kiya huwa hadeeth Hujjat hogi
2) Agar koi rawee ke bare me kaha jaega ki ye rawee”SUDOOQ” ho yani bohat saccha ho to iski rewayt likhi jaegi aur inki sehat par gaur kiya jaega
3) Agar kisi rawee ko “sheikh” likha jaega to uski rewayt likhi jaegi lakin sehat par gaur kiya jaega aur is trha ki rawee dusre darje se kamtar hote hai yani “sudooq” nhi hote
4) Agar kisi rawee ko”salih hul hadeeth “ kaha jae to iski rewayt ko sirf aytebar ke liye liya jaega
JARH KE DARJEY
1) Agar kisi rawee ko “LAY YI NUL HADEETH” [ hadeeth par narn hona] kaha jae to iski hadeeth likhi jaegi magar aytebar par gaur kiya jaega
2) Jb aaimah e hadeeth kisi rawee ke bare me “LAY SA BI QAWEE” [rewayt hadeeth me mazbut nhi] keh de to iski rewayt likhi jaegi magar ye “LAY YIN NUL HADEETH’ ke darje se niche hoga
3) Agar kisi rawee ke bare me “ZAEEF UL HADEETH’ kaha jaega to iski rewayat likhi jaegi magar ye dusre darje se niche hoga
4) Agar kisi rawee ke bare me “MATRUK UL HADEETH” kaha jae to uski hadeeth ko nhi liya jaega chord diya jaega.
Wama taufiq illah billah
written by
Muqtadir Furqan Husayn Ansary
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